Aging-related bone disease (e.g., osteoarthritis and osteoporosis) and cardiovascular disease (e.g., hypertension, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure) are common chronic degenerative disease in the elderly population. In recent years, epidemiological studies have suggested that patients with osteoarthritis or osteoporosis may have an increased risk of cardiovascular events, while patients with cardiovascular disease may also exhibit bone loss, deterioration of bone microarchitecture, or aggravated joint degeneration. However, the causal direction and specific mechanistic links between these conditions remain incompletely defined. Current evidence indicates that inflammaging, oxidative stress, endocrine dysregulation, disordered mineral metabolism, metabolic reprogramming, impaired autophagy, and extracellular matrix remodeling may collectively contribute to pathological changes in bone, joint, vascular, and cardiac tissues. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the comorbidity between aging-related bone disease and cardiovascular disease from two perspectives: shared risk factors and fundamental aging-related mechanisms, and disease-specific crosstalk mechanisms. It also discusses the limitations of existing evidence and the potential clinical translational value of this field, aiming to provide a reference for mechanistic research on bone-cardiovascular comorbidity and the optimization of integrated management strategies.