Application of clock drawing test and its time consume in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8757.2018.03.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the value of clock drawing test (CDT) and the time consumed in CDT in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods

Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI group, n=104) and healthy controls (control group, n=188) who were admitted to Zhejiang hospital from December 2015 to December 2016 were selected and underwent neuropsychological examination, including Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and CDT. The score of CDT and the time consume in correct clock drawing between two groups were compared. The sensitivity and specificity of CDT in diagnosing MCI were also analyzed.

Results

There was no significant difference in MMSE scores in two groups (t=1.907, P>0.05), while the CDT scores of MCI group were significantly lower than that of the control group (t=3.190, P<0.01). The distribution of higher scores in the MCI group was significantly worse than that in control group (z=8.171, P<0.01). The time consumed in MCI group was significantly longer than that in control group (t=2.941, P<0.01). At a cutoff of ≤3, the CDT had a sensitivity of 38.46% and specificity of 76.60%; at a cutoff of ≤4, the CDT had a sensitivity of 52.88% and specificity of 61.70%.

Conclusion

CDT and its time consume are helpful to differentiate MCI from healthy control.

Key words: Clock drawing test, Time consume, Mild cognitive impairment, Diagnosis

Shanhu Xu, Yu Jin, Linhui Chen, Xingjiao Lu, Xiaoli Liu. Application of clock drawing test and its time consume in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment[J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics Research(Electronic Edition), 2018, 05(03): 24-27.

/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://zhlnbyjdzzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8757.2018.03.005

https://zhlnbyjdzzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/Y2018/V05/I03/24

Figures/Tables 2

References 17

[1]	Sanford AM. Mild Cognitive Impairment[J]. Clin Geriatr Med, 2017, 33(3): 325-337.
[2]	Eshkoor SA, Hamid TA, Mun CY, et al. Mild cognitive impairment and its management in older people[J]. Clin Interv Aging, 2015, 10: 687-693.
[3]	Yang L, Yan J, Jin X, et al. Estimation of diagnostic performance of dementia screening tests: Mini-Mental State Examination, Mini-Cog, Clock Drawing test and Ascertain Dementia 8 questionnaire[J]. Aging Ment Health, 2017, 9: 1-5.
[4]	Vyhnalek M, Rubinova E, Markova H, et al. Clock drawing test in screening for Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment in clinical practice[J]. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 2017, 32(9): 933-939.
[5]	Ehreke L, Luppa M, Konig HH, et al. Is the Clock Drawing Test a screening tool for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment? A systematic review[J]. Int Psychogeriatr, 2010, 22(1): 56-63.
[6]	Ciesielska N, Sokolowski R, Mazur E, et al. Is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test better suited than the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) detection among people aged over 60? Meta-analysis[J]. Psychiatr Pol, 2016, 50(5): 1039-1052.
[7]	梁小妞，罗剑锋，郭起浩，等.轻度认知功能障碍筛查量表研究进展[J]. 中国临床神经科学，2014，22（6）：704-710.
[8]	Zainal NH, Silva E, Lim LL, et al. Psychometric Properties of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer's Disease Patients in an Asian Context[J]. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 2016, 45(7): 273-283.
[9]	Juncos-Rabadan O, Pereiro AX, Facal D, et al. Do the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery episodic memory measures discriminate amnestic mild cognitive impairment[J]? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 2014, 29(6): 602-609.
[10]	Guo QH, Zhou B, Zhao QH, et al. Memory and Executive Screening (MES): a brief cognitive test for detecting mild cognitive impairment[J]. BMC Neurol, 2012, 12: 119.
[11]	冯锋，邹义壮.早期痴呆筛查工具--画钟测验[J].国外医学（老年医学分册），2003，24（1）：13-15.
[12]	Mainland BJ, Amodeo S, Shulman KI. Multiple clock drawing scoring systems: simpler is better[J]. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 2014, 29(2): 127-136.
[13]	Mendez MF, Ala T, Underwood KL. Development of scoring criteria for the clock drawing task in Alzheimer's disease[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1992, 40(11):1095-1099.
[14]	Ricci M, Pigliautile M, D'ambrosio V, et al. The clock drawing test as a screening tool in mild cognitive impairment and very mild dementia: a new brief method of scoring and normative data in the elderly[J]. Neurol Sci, 2016, 37(6): 867-873.
[15]	Rubinova E, Nikolai T, Markova H, et al. Clock Drawing Test and the diagnosis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment: can more detailed scoring systems do the work [J]? J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 2014, 36(10): 1076-1083.
[16]	赵圣杰，赵永波，郭春妮，等. 画钟测验的错误类型对轻度认知障碍患者和健康老年人的鉴别诊断作用[J].中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志，2009，16（5）：366-369.
[17]	Vyhnalek M, Rubinova E, Markova H, et al. Clock drawing test in screening for Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment in clinical practice[J]. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 2017, 32(9): 933-939.

组别	例数	年龄（岁）	性别（男/女，例）	教育年限（年）	吸烟[例(%)]	高血压[例(%)]	糖尿病[例(%)]
MCI组	104	72.50±4.44	45/59	8.13±4.76	23（22.12）	63（60.58）	18（17.31）
对照组	188	72.31±5.03	86/102	8.78±4.89	45（23.94）	101（53.72）	39（20.74）
统计值	?	t=0.325	χ²=0.166	t=1.084	χ²=0.124	χ²=0.397	χ²=0.566
P值	?	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05

组别	例数	年龄（岁）	性别（男/女，例）	教育年限（年）	吸烟[例(%)]	高血压[例(%)]	糖尿病[例(%)]
MCI组	104	72.50±4.44	45/59	8.13±4.76	23（22.12）	63（60.58）	18（17.31）
对照组	188	72.31±5.03	86/102	8.78±4.89	45（23.94）	101（53.72）	39（20.74）
统计值	?	t=0.325	χ²=0.166	t=1.084	χ²=0.124	χ²=0.397	χ²=0.566
P值	?	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05

组别	例数	MMSE得分（分）	画钟试验得分（分）	不同画钟试验得分分布情况[例(%)]
组别	例数	MMSE得分（分）	画钟试验得分（分）	1分	2分	3分	4分	5分
MCI组	104	27.88±1.78	3.99±1.08	0	11（10.58）	29（27.88）	15（14.42）	49（47.12）
对照组	188	28.57±1.59	4.38±0.84	0	0	44（23.41）	28（14.89）	116（61.70）
统计值	?	t=1.907	t=3.190	z=8.171
P值	?	>0.05	<0.01	<0.01

组别	例数	MMSE得分（分）	画钟试验得分（分）	不同画钟试验得分分布情况[例(%)]
组别	例数	MMSE得分（分）	画钟试验得分（分）	1分	2分	3分	4分	5分
MCI组	104	27.88±1.78	3.99±1.08	0	11（10.58）	29（27.88）	15（14.42）	49（47.12）
对照组	188	28.57±1.59	4.38±0.84	0	0	44（23.41）	28（14.89）	116（61.70）
统计值	?	t=1.907	t=3.190	z=8.171
P值	?	>0.05	<0.01	<0.01

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export