Intestinal microecology and hypertension complications

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8757.2020.02.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Hypertension is a common chronic cardiovascular disease, which is associated with a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure and hypertensive kidney disease are the main complications of hypertension with high morbidity and mortality. More and more evidence shows that there is a correlation between intestinal flora and hypertension complications. Intestinal flora imbalance and bacterial metabolites play an important role in the pathophysiological process of hypertension complications. Although there is no large-scale clinical study on intestinal microecology and hypertension and its complications, intestinal flora and its metabolites may become a new target for the treatment of hypertension complications. This article reviews the interaction between intestinal microecology and hypertension complications, in order to provide reference for clinical practice.

Key words: Intestinal microbiota, Hypertension, Complications, Treatment

Xin Li, Ningyuan Fang. Intestinal microecology and hypertension complications[J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics Research(Electronic Edition), 2020, 07(02): 49-53.

/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://zhlnbyjdzzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8757.2020.02.012

https://zhlnbyjdzzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/Y2020/V07/I02/49

References 40

[1]	Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension[J]. Eur Heart J, 2018, 39(33):3021-3104.
[2]	Eckburg PB, Bik EM, Bernstein CN, et al. Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora[J]. Science, 2005, 308(5728): 1635-1638.
[3]	Gill SR, Pop M, Deboy RT, et al. Metagenomic analysis of the human distal gut microbiome[J]. Science, 2006, 312(5778):1355-1359.
[4]	Mushtaq N, Hussain S, Zhang S, et al. Molecular characterization of alterations in the intestinal microbiota of patients with grade 3 hypertension[J]. Int J Mol Med, 2019, 44(2):513-522.
[5]	Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010[J]. Lancet, 2012, 380(9859):2224-2260.
[6]	Yang T, Santisteban MM, Rodriguez V, et al. Gut dysbiosis is linked to hypertension[J]. Hypertension, 2015, 65(6):1331-1340.
[7]	Vaziri ND, Wong J, Pahl M, et al. Chronic kidney disease alters intestinal microbial flora[J]. Kidney Int, 2013, 83(2):308-315.
[8]	Durgan DJ, Ganesh BP, Cope JL, et al. Role of the gut microbiome in obstructive sleep apnea-induced hypertension[J]. Hypertension, 2016, 67(2):469-474.
[9]	Katsimichas T, Antonopoulos AS, Katsimichas A, et al. The intestinal microbiota and cardiovascular disease[J]. Cardiovasc Res, 2019, 115(10):1471-1486.
[10]	Koren O, Spor A, Felin J, et al. Human oral, gut, and plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2011, 108 Suppl 1:4592-4598.
[11]	Ott SJ, El Mokhtari NE, Musfeldt M, et al. Detection of diverse bacterial signatures in atherosclerotic lesions of patients with coronary heart disease[J]. Circulation, 2006, 113(7):929-937.
[12]	Jie Z, Xia H, Zhong SL, et al. The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease[J]. Nat Commun, 2017, 8(1):845.
[13]	Chan YK, Brar MS, Kirjavainen PV, et al. High fat diet induced atherosclerosis is accompanied with low colonic bacterial diversity and altered abundances that correlates with plaque size, plasma A-FABP and cholesterol: a pilot study of high fat diet and its intervention with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) or telmisartan in ApoE^(-/-) mice[J]. BMC Microbiol, 2016, 16(1):264.
[14]	Jin M, Qian Z, Yin J, et al. The role of intestinal microbiota in cardiovascular disease[J]. J Cell Mol Med, 2019, 23(4):2343-2350.
[15]	Rogler G, Rosano G. The heart and the gut[J]. Eur Heart J, 2014, 35(7):426-430.
[16]	Katsimichas T, Ohtani T, Motooka D, et al. Non-Ischemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is associated with altered intestinal microbiota[J]. Cir J, 2018, 82(6):1640-1650.
[17]	Cui X, Ye L, Li J, et al. Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses unveil dysbiosis of gut microbiota in chronic heart failure patients[J]. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1):635.
[18]	Kamo T, Akazawa H, Suda W, et al. Dysbiosis and compositional alterations with aging in the gut microbiota of patients with heart failure[J]. PloS One, 2017, 12(3):e0174099.
[19]	Tang WH, Wang Z, Levison BS, et al. Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk[J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 368(17):1575-1584.
[20]	袁侨英，肖利，李学军，等.老年高血压患者并发症及特征分析[J].中华老年心脑血管病杂志，2013，15(3):239-240.
[21]	Durgan DJ, Lee J, McCullough LD, et al. Examining the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in stroke[J]. Stroke, 2019, 50 (8):2270-2277.
[22]	Yamashiro K, Tanaka R, Urabe T, et al. Gut dysbiosis is associated with metabolism and systemic inflammation in patients with ischemic stroke[J]. PLoS One, 2017, 12(2):e0171521.
[23]	Yin J, Liao SX, He Y, et al. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota with reduced trimethylamine-N-oxide level in patients with large-artery atherosclerotic stroke or transient ischemic attack[J]. J Am Heart Assoc, 2015, 4(11):e002699.
[24]	Stanley D, Mason LJ, Mackin KE, et al. Translocation and dissemination of commensal bacteria in post-stroke infection[J]. Nat Med, 2016, 22(11):1277-1284.
[25]	Singh V, Roth S, Llovera G, et al. Microbiota dysbiosis controls the neuroinflammatory response after stroke[J]. J Neurosci, 2016, 36 (28):7428-7440.
[26]	Houlden A, Goldrick M, Brough D, et al. Brain injury induces specific changes in the caecal microbiota of mice via altered autonomic activity and mucoprotein production[J]. Brain Behav Immun, 2016, 57:10-20.
[27]	Benakis C, Brea D, Caballero S, et al. Commensal microbiota affects ischemic stroke outcome by regulating intestinal gammadelta T cells[J]. Nat Med, 2016, 22(5):516-523.
[28]	Rowland I, Gibson G, Heinken A, et al. Gut microbiota functions: metabolism of nutrients and other food components[J]. Eur J Nutrition, 2018, 57(1):1-24.
[29]	Anders HJ, Andersen K, Stecher B. The intestinal microbiota, a leaky gut, and abnormal immunity in kidney disease[J]. Kidney Int, 2013, 83(6):1010-1016.
[30]	Xu KY, Xia GH, Lu JQ, et al. Impaired renal function and dysbiosis of gut microbiota contribute to increased trimethylamine-N-oxide in chronic kidney disease patients[J]. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1):1445.
[31]	Wang F, Jiang H, Shi K, et al. Gut bacterial translocation is associated with microinflammation in end-stage renal disease patients[J]. Nephrology, 2012, 17(8):733-738.
[32]	Pevsner-Fischer M, Blacher E, Tatirovsky E, et al. The gut microbiome and hypertension[J]. Curr Opinion Nephrol Hypertens, 2017, 26(1):1-8.
[33]	Hu J, Luo H, Wang J, et al. Enteric dysbiosis-linked gut barrier disruption triggers early renal injury induced by chronic high salt feeding in mice[J]. Exp Mol Med, 2017, 49(8):e370.
[34]	Marques FZ, Mackay CR, Kaye DM. Beyond gut feelings: how the gut microbiota regulates blood pressure[J]. Nat Rev Cardiol, 2018, 15(1):20-32.
[35]	Marques FZ, Nelson E, Chu PY, et al. High-fiber diet and acetate supplementation change the gut microbiota and prevent the development of hypertension and heart failure in hypertensive mice[J]. Circulation, 2017, 135(10):964-977.
[36]	Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvado J, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a mediterranean diet[J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 368(14):1279-1290.
[37]	Khalesi S, Sun J, Buys N, et al. Effect of probiotics on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials[J]. Hypertension, 2014, 64(4):897-903.
[38]	Sun J, Wang F, Ling Z, et al. Clostridium butyricum attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic mice via modulation of gut microbiota[J]. Brain Res, 2016, 1642:180-188.
[39]	Gallo A, Passaro G, Gasbarrini A, et al. Modulation of microbiota as treatment for intestinal inflammatory disorders: An uptodate[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2016, 22(32):7186-7202.
[40]	Smits LP, Kootte RS, Levin E, et al. Effect of vegan fecal microbiota transplantation on carnitine and choline-derived trimethylamine-N-oxide production and vascular inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome[J]. J Am Heart Assoc, 2018, 7(7):e008324.

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export