Study on health status and related influencing factors in centenarians

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8757.2019.04.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the major connected factors in centenarians and to provide the potential directions on health promotion and management.

Methods

From June 2014 to December 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals aged 100 and over in Hainan province through door-to-door research by multidisciplinary team. Demographics and health information were collected, multivariate logistic regressions were implemented to analyze the related influencing factors among this population.

Results

A total of 943 centenarians (175 men and 768 women) were included in this study, the mean age was (102.8±2.8) years. Majority of them were being female (81.4%), illiterate (87.9%), and resident in rural place (76.6%). The prevalence of the disability and depression were 27.6% and 32.3% respectively, and approximately 22.7% of the centenarians reported their health status as poor. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and anemia were 66.3%, 9.8%, 21.2%, and 67.4%. 8.9% of them had fracture history, 39.9% of them were deficient in vitamin D, 28.0% of them suffered from severe visual impairment and the number is 31.2% for severe auditory impairment; the prevalence of renal function decline and malnutrition were 36.8% and 52.6%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression model showed that fracture, visual and hearing impairments were significantly and positively correlated with disability as well as poor self-rated health (P < 0.05). In addition, fractures were also significantly associated with depression (P < 0.05). However, there's no correlations found between hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and self-rated health, ability of daily activities, depression (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Fracture, visual and auditory impairment are the major connected factors on health status in centenarians, and may work as intervention indicators for health promotion and management in the advanced ages.

Key words: Fracture, Visual impairment, Auditory impairment, Longevity, Health

Yao Yao, Keyang Liu, Hao Zhang, Qiao Zhu, Chaoxue Ning, Faqin Lv, Yali Zhao. Study on health status and related influencing factors in centenarians[J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics Research(Electronic Edition), 2019, 06(04): 8-12.

/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://zhlnbyjdzzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8757.2019.04.002

https://zhlnbyjdzzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/Y2019/V06/I04/8

Figures/Tables 2

References 26

[1]	UNDESA, Population Division United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World population ageing 2013[EB/OL]. 2013(2013-03-01)[2019-04-23]. URL
[2]	Beard JR, Officer A, de Carvalho IA, et al. The world report on ageing and health: a policy framework for healthy ageing[J]. Lancet, 2016, 387(1033):2145-2154.
[3]	Zeng Y, Feng Q, Hesketh T, Christensen K, et al. Survival, disabilities in activities of daily living, and physical and cognitive functioning among the oldest-old in China: a cohort study[J].Lancet, 2017, 389(10079):1619-1629.
[4]	范利.重视老年健康管理应对老龄化挑战[J].中华老年多器官疾病杂志，2017，16(1)：1-4.
[5]	He Y, Zhao Y, Yao Y, et al. Cohort profile: the China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study (CHCCS) [J]. Int J Epidemiology, 2018, 47(3):694-695h.
[6]	何耀，栾复新，姚尧，等.中国海南百岁老人队列研究：研究设计及初步结果[J].中华流行病学杂志，2017，38(9)：1292-1298.
[7]	姚尧，赵亚力，杨姗姗，等.海南省百岁老人日常生活活动能力现状及影响因素分析[J].中华流行病学杂志，2017，38(10)：1342-1346.
[8]	姚尧，刘淼，杨姗姗，等.海南省百岁老人健康自评状况及其影响因素研究[J].中华流行病学杂志，2018，39(3)：264-267.
[9]	Almeida OP, Almeida SA. Short versions of the geriatric depression scale: a study of their validity for the diagnosis of a major depressive episode according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV[J]. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 1999, 14(10):858-865.
[10]	Tang WK, Chan SS, Chiu HF et al. Can the Geriatric Depression Scale detect poststroke depression in Chinese elderly[J]? J Affect Disord, 2004, 81(2):153-156.
[11]	Yao Y, Fu S, Zhang H, et al. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in Chinese longevous persons and its correlation with vitamin D status[J]. BMC Geriatr, 2018, 18(1):198.
[12]	Mossakowska M, Broczek K, Wieczorowska-Tobis K, et al. Cognitive performance and functional status are the major factors predicting survival of centenarians in Poland[J]. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2014, 69(10):1269-1275.
[13]	Legrand D, Vaes B, MatheïC, et al. Muscle strength and physical performance as predictors of mortality, hospitalization, and disability in the oldest old[J].J Am Geriatr Soc, 2014, 62(6):1030-1038.
[14]	Gong E, Hua Y, Yan LL. Psychological wellbeing and all-cause mortality in the oldest old in China: a longitudinal survey-based study[J].Lancet, 2016, 388:S22-S22.
[15]	杨展，刘银，张文婕，等.中老年视力障碍患者抑郁症状及其影响因素研究[J].四川大学学报(医学版)，2018，49(1)：81-86.
[16]	Lin FR. Hearing loss in older adults[J]. JAMA, 2012, 307(11):1147-1148.
[17]	Karinkanta S, Piirtola M, Sievänen H, et al. Physical therapy approaches to reduce fall and fracture risk among older adults[J]. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2010, 6(7):396-407.
[18]	Nilsson M, Eriksson J, Larsson B, et al. Fall risk assessment predicts fall-related injury, hip fracture, and head injury in older adults[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2016, 64(11):2242-2250.
[19]	Mishra S, Stenfelt S, Lunner T, et al. Cognitive spare capacity in older adults with hearing loss[J]. Front Aging Neurosci, 2014, 6:96.
[20]	Lopez D, Mccaul KA, Hankey GJ, et al. Falls, injuries from falls, health related quality of life and mortality in older adults with vision and hearing impairment—Is there a gender difference[J]? Maturitas, 2011, 69(4):359-364.
[21]	Reed-Jones RJ, Solis GR, Lawson KA, et al. Vision and falls: A multidisciplinary review of the contributions of visual impairment to falls among older adults[J].Maturitas, 2013, 75(1):22-28.
[22]	华琦，范利，李静，等.高龄老年人血压管理中国专家共识要点解读[J].中国心血管杂志，2016，21(6)：1127-1134.
[23]	吕宪玉，刘淼，李嘉琦，等.80岁以上高龄老年人主要慢性病的疾病谱调查与分析[J].中华老年心脑血管病杂志，2016，18(9)：917-919.
[24]	Stessman J, Bursztyn M, Gershinsky Y, et al. Hypertension and its treatment at age 90 years: Is there an association with 5-year mortality[J]? J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2017, 18(3):277.e13-277.e19.
[25]	Jacobs JM, Stessman J, Einmor E, et al. Hypertension and 5-year mortality among 85-year-olds: the Jerusalem Longitudinal Study[J]. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2012, 13(8):759.e1-6.
[26]	Evert J, Lawler E, Bogan H, et al. Morbidity profiles of centenarians: survivors, delayers, and escapers[J]. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2003, 58(3):232-237.

变量		具体值
年龄（岁）		102.8±2.8
女性[（例）%]		768（81.4）
文盲[（例）%]		829（87.9）
农村居住[（例）%]		722（76.6）
吸烟[（例）%]		96（10.2）
饮酒[（例）%]		163（17.3）
喝茶[（例）%]		114（12.1）
抑郁[（例）%]		304（32.3）
日常活动能力[（例）%]		?
?	自理	271（28.7）
?	轻度依赖	412（43.7）
?	失能	260（27.6）
健康自评[（例）%]		?
?	好	152（16.1）
?	一般	577（61.2）
?	差	214（22.7）
高血压[（例）%]		623（66.3）
糖尿病[（例）%]		92（9.8）
血脂异常[（例）%]		200（21.2）
贫血[（例）%]		636（67.4）
骨折[（例）%]		84（8.9）
肾功能下降[（例）%]		347（36.8）
营养不良[（例）%]		496（52.6）
维生素D缺乏[（例）%]		376（39.9）
视力状况[（例）%]		?
?	正常	200（21.2）
?	轻度障碍	479（50.8）
?	重度障碍	264（28.0）
听力状况[（例）%]		?
?	正常	229（24.3）
?	轻度障碍	420（44.5）
?	重度障碍	294（31.2）

变量		具体值
年龄（岁）		102.8±2.8
女性[（例）%]		768（81.4）
文盲[（例）%]		829（87.9）
农村居住[（例）%]		722（76.6）
吸烟[（例）%]		96（10.2）
饮酒[（例）%]		163（17.3）
喝茶[（例）%]		114（12.1）
抑郁[（例）%]		304（32.3）
日常活动能力[（例）%]		?
?	自理	271（28.7）
?	轻度依赖	412（43.7）
?	失能	260（27.6）
健康自评[（例）%]		?
?	好	152（16.1）
?	一般	577（61.2）
?	差	214（22.7）
高血压[（例）%]		623（66.3）
糖尿病[（例）%]		92（9.8）
血脂异常[（例）%]		200（21.2）
贫血[（例）%]		636（67.4）
骨折[（例）%]		84（8.9）
肾功能下降[（例）%]		347（36.8）
营养不良[（例）%]		496（52.6）
维生素D缺乏[（例）%]		376（39.9）
视力状况[（例）%]		?
?	正常	200（21.2）
?	轻度障碍	479（50.8）
?	重度障碍	264（28.0）
听力状况[（例）%]		?
?	正常	229（24.3）
?	轻度障碍	420（44.5）
?	重度障碍	294（31.2）

项目	模型	高血压	糖尿病	血脂异常	贫血	骨折
抑郁	模型1	1.07(0.78-1.46)	1.02(0.64-1.61)	0.98(0.74-1.29)	1.19(0.89-1.61)	2.05(1.30-3.22)
	模型2	1.07(0.77-1.48)	1.04(0.64-1.62)	0.97(0.73-1.29)	1.27(0.94-1.72)	1.98(1.25-3.15)
	模型3	1.11(0.80-1.55)	1.05(0.65-1.69)	1.06(0.79-1.42)	1.25(0.91-1.71)	1.92(1.20-3.07)
失能	模型1	0.93(0.67-1.29)	0.92(0.56-1.50)	1.26(0.43-1.68)	1.37(1.00-1.87)	3.10(1.97-4.89)
	模型2	0.94(0.67-1.31)	0.93(0.57-1.52)	1.26(0.94-1.68)	1.39(1.01-1.91)	3.13(1.97-4.98)
	模型3	1.07(0.75-1.52)	0.87(0.51-1.48)	1.40(1.02-1.93)	1.62(1.14-2.30)	3.16(1.95-5.12)
自评健康差	模型1	1.31(0.91-1.90)	1.08(0.65-1.79)	1.05(0.77-1.43)	1.05(0.75-1.45)	1.92(1.19-3.10)
	模型2	1.33(0.91-1.93)	1.08(0.65-1.80)	1.05(0.76-1.43)	1.07(0.77-1.49)	1.94(1.19-3.15)
	模型3	1.45(0.98-2.15)	1.07(0.63-1.82)	1.10(0.79-1.54)	1.11(0.78-1.58)	1.90(1.14-3.14)
项目	模型	肾功能下降	营养不良	维生素D缺乏	视力障碍	听力障碍
抑郁	模型1	0.98(0.74-1.30)	1.37(1.04-1.81)	1.57(1.19-2.07)	1.05(0.77-1.42)	0.94(0.67-1.26)
	模型2	0.93(0.70-1.24)	1.27(0.96-1.69)	1.47(1.10-1.96)	0.98(0.72-1.34)	0.94(0.70-1.28)
	模型3	0.97(0.71-1.29)	1.24(0.93-1.66)	1.42(1.06-1.91)	0.98(0.69-1.41)	0.94(0.66-1.33)
失能	模型1	1.38(1.02-1.86)	1.12(0.84-1.49)	2.29(1.72-3.07)	2.13(1.57-2.89)	1.81(1.34-2.44)
	模型2	1.35(0.99-1.84)	1.07(0.80-1.43)	2.39(1.77-3.23)	2.11(1.54-2.87)	1.77(1.33-2.43)
	模型3	1.65(1.18-2.30)	0.97(0.71-1.32)	2.43(1.77-3.33)	1.85(1.28-2.66)	1.46(1.02-2.10)
自评健康差	模型1	1.16(0.85-1.60)	1.57(1.15-2.15)	1.15(0.84-1.56)	2.58(1.87-3.55)	2.24(1.63-3.07)
	模型2	1.11(0.80-1.54)	1.11(0.80-1.54)	1.15(0.84-1.59)	2.48(1.79-3.43)	2.19(1.59-3.01)
	模型3	1.23(0.87-1.74)	1.51(1.08-2.09)	1.10(0.79-1.53)	2.04(1.40-2.96)	1.63(1.12-2.37)

项目	模型	高血压	糖尿病	血脂异常	贫血	骨折
抑郁	模型1	1.07(0.78-1.46)	1.02(0.64-1.61)	0.98(0.74-1.29)	1.19(0.89-1.61)	2.05(1.30-3.22)
	模型2	1.07(0.77-1.48)	1.04(0.64-1.62)	0.97(0.73-1.29)	1.27(0.94-1.72)	1.98(1.25-3.15)
	模型3	1.11(0.80-1.55)	1.05(0.65-1.69)	1.06(0.79-1.42)	1.25(0.91-1.71)	1.92(1.20-3.07)
失能	模型1	0.93(0.67-1.29)	0.92(0.56-1.50)	1.26(0.43-1.68)	1.37(1.00-1.87)	3.10(1.97-4.89)
	模型2	0.94(0.67-1.31)	0.93(0.57-1.52)	1.26(0.94-1.68)	1.39(1.01-1.91)	3.13(1.97-4.98)
	模型3	1.07(0.75-1.52)	0.87(0.51-1.48)	1.40(1.02-1.93)	1.62(1.14-2.30)	3.16(1.95-5.12)
自评健康差	模型1	1.31(0.91-1.90)	1.08(0.65-1.79)	1.05(0.77-1.43)	1.05(0.75-1.45)	1.92(1.19-3.10)
	模型2	1.33(0.91-1.93)	1.08(0.65-1.80)	1.05(0.76-1.43)	1.07(0.77-1.49)	1.94(1.19-3.15)
	模型3	1.45(0.98-2.15)	1.07(0.63-1.82)	1.10(0.79-1.54)	1.11(0.78-1.58)	1.90(1.14-3.14)
项目	模型	肾功能下降	营养不良	维生素D缺乏	视力障碍	听力障碍
抑郁	模型1	0.98(0.74-1.30)	1.37(1.04-1.81)	1.57(1.19-2.07)	1.05(0.77-1.42)	0.94(0.67-1.26)
	模型2	0.93(0.70-1.24)	1.27(0.96-1.69)	1.47(1.10-1.96)	0.98(0.72-1.34)	0.94(0.70-1.28)
	模型3	0.97(0.71-1.29)	1.24(0.93-1.66)	1.42(1.06-1.91)	0.98(0.69-1.41)	0.94(0.66-1.33)
失能	模型1	1.38(1.02-1.86)	1.12(0.84-1.49)	2.29(1.72-3.07)	2.13(1.57-2.89)	1.81(1.34-2.44)
	模型2	1.35(0.99-1.84)	1.07(0.80-1.43)	2.39(1.77-3.23)	2.11(1.54-2.87)	1.77(1.33-2.43)
	模型3	1.65(1.18-2.30)	0.97(0.71-1.32)	2.43(1.77-3.33)	1.85(1.28-2.66)	1.46(1.02-2.10)
自评健康差	模型1	1.16(0.85-1.60)	1.57(1.15-2.15)	1.15(0.84-1.56)	2.58(1.87-3.55)	2.24(1.63-3.07)
	模型2	1.11(0.80-1.54)	1.11(0.80-1.54)	1.15(0.84-1.59)	2.48(1.79-3.43)	2.19(1.59-3.01)
	模型3	1.23(0.87-1.74)	1.51(1.08-2.09)	1.10(0.79-1.53)	2.04(1.40-2.96)	1.63(1.12-2.37)

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export