Atrial fibrillation (Af) is a common type of arrhythmia in the elderly. More than 90% of left atrial thrombosis in non-valvular disease Af and over 60% of stoke embolus in rheumatic valvular disease occur in left atrial appendage. Warfarin is the main treatment method for preventing atrial thromboembolism. However, it may lead to increased risk of bleeding. Prothrombin international standardization ratio needs to be regularly monitored. Warfarin has narrow therapeutic window, and has interaction and adverse effects with other drugs and food. Novel oral anticoagulants are expensive, has compliance uncertainty and increased risk of leakage suit. They also lack antagonists, and some patients exist poor response to anticoagulants or anticoagulant contraindicated, lead to the relatively insufficient clinical application. In recent years, several large clinical studies confirm that percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (PLAAO) can effectively reduce the incidence of stroke in Af patients. This paper aims to provide a review of the research and latest development of the PLAAO.