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中华老年病研究电子杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (03) : 19 -23. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8757.2024.03.004

临床研究

切割球囊对老年轻中度冠状动脉钙化病变患者远期预后的影响
王亚芳1, 荣素然1, 石向欣1, 杨晓欧1, 许金金1, 王敬祥2,()   
  1. 1.071000 河北省保定市第一中心医院老年病科
    2.071000 河北省保定市第一中心医院心血管内科
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-07 出版日期:2024-08-28
  • 通信作者: 王敬祥
  • 基金资助:
    保定市科技计划项目(2141ZF078)

The effect of cutting balloon on the long-term prognosis of mild-to-moderate coronary artery calcification lesions in the elderly

Yafang Wang1, Suran Rong1, Xiangxin Shi1, Xiao'ou Yang1, Jinjin1 Xu1, Jingxiang Wang2,()   

  1. 1.Department of Geriatrics, Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital,Baoding 071000, China
    2.Department of Cardiology, Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital,Baoding 071000, China
  • Received:2024-02-07 Published:2024-08-28
  • Corresponding author: Jingxiang Wang
引用本文:

王亚芳, 荣素然, 石向欣, 杨晓欧, 许金金, 王敬祥. 切割球囊对老年轻中度冠状动脉钙化病变患者远期预后的影响[J/OL]. 中华老年病研究电子杂志, 2024, 11(03): 19-23.

Yafang Wang, Suran Rong, Xiangxin Shi, Xiao'ou Yang, Jinjin1 Xu, Jingxiang Wang. The effect of cutting balloon on the long-term prognosis of mild-to-moderate coronary artery calcification lesions in the elderly[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics Research(Electronic Edition), 2024, 11(03): 19-23.

目的

探讨切割球囊对老年轻中度冠状动脉钙化病变患者远期预后的影响。

方法

连续纳入2018 年1—12 月于保定市第一中心医院就诊的老年冠心病患者,经冠状动脉造影证实存在冠状动脉狭窄合并轻中度冠脉钙化共1 901 例,根据使用球囊不同分为切割球囊组158 例和普通球囊组1 743 例。依据两组患者的基线资料,以1:1 进行倾向评分匹配(PSM),两组各143 例。随访5 年,以发生主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)为终点,采用Kaplan-Meier 生存曲线比较PSM 后两组发生MACCE 的情况,应用Cox 比例风险回归模型分析发生MACCE 的风险。

结果

286 例患者中54 例(18.9%)发生MACCE。Kaplan-Meier 生存曲线分析显示,与普通球囊组相比,切割球囊组发生MACCE、全因死亡、靶血管血运重建、支架内血栓形成的风险较低(P <0.05 或0.01)。校正混杂因素后的多因素Cox 比例风险回归模型分析显示,切割球囊与MACCE、全因死亡、急性心肌梗死、靶血管血运重建、支架内血栓形成、缺血性脑卒中的风险较低相关(P<0.05 或0.01)。

结论

切割球囊治疗可改善轻中度冠状动脉钙化老年患者的远期预后。

Objective

To investigate the effect of cutting balloon on the long-term prognosis of mild-to-moderate coronary artery calcification lesions in the elderly.

Methods

Elderly patients with coronary heart diseases treated in the Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital from January to December 2018 were included. Coronary artery stenosis combined with mild-to-moderate coronary artery calcification was confirmed by coronary angiography. A total of 1 901 patients were divided into 158 cases in the cutting balloons group and 1 743 cases in the conventional balloon group. A propensity score matching(PSM) model was established and matched 1:1 with 143 cases in each group. After 5 years of follow-up,the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) in the two groups after PSM was compared through Kaplan-Meier survival curve, and the risk of MACCE was analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression model.

Results

MACCE occurred in 54 of 286 patients (18.9%).Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the risk of MACCE, all-cause death, target vessel revascularization, and in-stent thrombosis was lower in the cutting balloon group compared with those in the conventional balloon group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that compared with conventional balloon dissection, cutting balloon dissection was associated with a lower risk of MACCE, all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, in-stent thrombosis, and ischemic stroke (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Cutting balloon therapy improves long-term prognosis in elderly patients with mild-to-moderate coronary artery calcification.

表1 两组患者PSM 前后基线资料的比较[例(%)或±s
项目 PSM匹配前 检验值 P PSM匹配后 检验值 P
切割球囊组(n=158) 普通球囊组(n=1743) 切割球囊组(n=143) 普通球囊组(n=143)
年龄(岁) 71.28±6.36 69.93±6.58 t=2.484 <0.05 71.46±6.41 71.12±6.72 t=0.480 >0.05
男性 106(67.1) 1 138(65.3) χ2=0.207 >0.05 95(66.4) 88(61.5) χ2=0.743 >0.05
糖尿病 104(65.8) 766(43.9) χ2=27.930 <0.01 92(64.3) 95(66.4) χ2=0.139 >0.05
高血压 102(64.6) 915(52.5) χ2=8.471 <0.01 91(63.6) 93(65.0) χ2=0.061 >0.05
高脂血症 88(55.7) 1 168(67.0) χ2=8.273 <0.01 83(58.0) 83(58.0) χ2=0.000 >0.05
吸烟 87(55.1) 906(52.0) χ2=0.552 >0.05 77(53.8) 75(52.4) χ2=0.056 >0.05
外周血管疾病史 63(39.9) 18(10.3) χ2=13.437 <0.01 54(37.8) 52(36.4) χ2=0.060 >0.05
慢性肾病史 8(5.1) 72(4.1) χ2=0.312 >0.05 8(5.6) 6(4.2) χ2=0.300 >0.05
心肌梗死病史 10(6.3) 95(5.5) χ2=0.214 >0.05 10(7.0) 12(8.4) χ2=0.197 >0.05
PCI病史 19(12.0) 111(6.4) χ2=7.277 <0.01 17(11.9) 23(16.1) χ2=1.046 >0.05
心衰病史 8(5.1) 69(4.0) χ2=0.455 >0.05 8(5.6) 11(7.7) χ2=0.507 >0.05
脑卒中史 75(47.5) 337(19.3) χ2=67.547 <0.01 64(44.8) 64(44.8) χ2=0.000 >0.05
冠心病家族史 84(53.2) 298(17.1) χ2=17.368 <0.01 74(51.7) 88(61.5) χ2=2.791 >0.05
左室射血分数(%) 64.92±7.99 64.91±7.52 t=0.111 <0.01 64.74±8.20 64.85±8.07 t=0.170 >0.05
红细胞沉降率(mm/h) 14.23±5.43 17.66±8.78 t=4.824 <0.01 14.13±5.44 14.17±6.89 t=5.476 >0.05
C反应蛋白(mg/L) 2.83±1.39 3.28±2.06 t=2.711 <0.01 2.82±1.42 2.74±1.69 t=3.295 >0.05
糖化血红蛋白(%) 6.84±1.33 6.62±1.77 t=1.575 >0.05 6.83±1.35 6.79±1.54 t=2.425 >0.05
总胆固醇(mmol/L) 3.82±4.85 4.55±1.78 t=3.995 <0.01 3.92±5.08 4.02±5.09 t=0.006 >0.05
三酰甘油(mmol/L) 1.78±1.11 2.05±1.13 t=2.956 <0.01 1.79±1.08 1.86±1.09 t=0.030 >0.05
LDL(mmol/L) 2.25±0.90 2.69±0.75 t=7.001 <0.01 2.30±0.89 2.39±0.84 t=0.542 >0.05
HDL(mmol/L) 1.13±0.34 1.76±1.11 t=7.086 <0.01 1.14±0.35 1.13±0.60 t=14.781 >0.05
血肌酐(μmol/L) 85.51±17.06 84.30±9.54 t=1.410 >0.05 84.88±17.29 84.16±13.06 t=12.864 >0.05
肌酐清除率 0.77±0.18 0.72±0.24 t=2.166 <0.05 0.77±0.19 0.75±0.16 t=2.037 >0.05
病变部位
前降支 81(51.3) 723(41.5) χ2=5.684 <0.05 72(50.3) 74(51.7) χ2=0.056 >0.05
回旋支 71(44.9) 471(27.0) χ2=22.810 <0.01 59(41.3) 68(47.6) χ2=1.147 >0.05
右冠状动脉 53(33.5) 643(36.9) χ2=0.699 >0.05 48(33.6) 39(27.3) χ2=1.338 >0.05
病变类型
三支病变 4(2.5) 117(6.7) χ2=4.249 <0.05 3(2.1) 3(2.1) χ2=0.000 >0.05
分叉病变 7(4.4) 52(3.4) χ2=0.481 >0.05 7(4.9) 13(9.1) χ2=1.935 >0.05
双支病变 33(20.9) 138(7.9) χ2=29.764 <0.01 24(16.8) 17(14.8) χ2=0.191 >0.05
SYNTAX评分 15.0±6.5 16.5±8.0 t=1.997 <0.05 14.5±6.5 14.5±7.5 χ2=2.592 >0.05
使用IUVS 9(5.7) 38(2.2) χ2=7.371 <0.01 6(4.2) 15(10.5) χ2=4.163 <0.05
出院后用药
阿司匹林肠溶片 150(94.9) 1735(99.5) χ2=36.799 <0.01 140(97.9) 140(97.9) χ2=0.000 >0.05
硫酸氢氯吡格雷片 142(89.9) 1696(97.3) χ2=24.960 <0.01 137(95.8) 141(98.6) χ2=2.058 >0.05
替格瑞洛 16(10.1) 33(1.9) χ2=39.106 <0.01 6(4.2) 0(0.0) χ2=6.129 <0.05
β受体阻滞剂 141(89.2) 1472(84.5) χ2=2.584 >0.05 128(89.5) 135(94.4) χ2=2.317 >0.05
ACEI/ARB 105(66.5) 1176(67.5) χ2=0.068 >0.05 93(65.0) 95(66.4) χ2=0.062 >0.05
硝酸酯类 137(86.7) 1457(83.6) χ2=1.040 >0.05 126(88.1) 130(90.9) χ2=0.596 >0.05
他汀类 151(95.6) 1662(95.4) χ2=0.015 >0.05 137(95.8) 139(97.2) χ2=0.414 >0.05
图1 两组患者主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)的Kaplan-Meier 生存曲线分析。1A:MACCE;1B:全因死亡;1C:心源性死亡;1D:急性心肌梗死;1E:靶血管血运重建;1F:支架内血栓形成;1G:缺血性脑卒中
表2 两组患者随访5 年MACCE 发生情况的比较[例(%)]
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