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中华老年病研究电子杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (02) : 10 -14. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8757.2024.02.003

临床研究

急诊内科老年新型冠状病毒感染患者低钠血症发生情况调查分析
张宇1, 王林1,()   
  1. 1. 300211 天津医科大学第二医院保健医疗部/老年病科
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-02 出版日期:2024-05-28
  • 通信作者: 王林

The occurrence of hyponatremia in elderly patients with corona virus disease 2019 admitted to the emergency department

Yu Zhang1, Lin Wang1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Geriatric, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
  • Received:2023-11-02 Published:2024-05-28
  • Corresponding author: Lin Wang
引用本文:

张宇, 王林. 急诊内科老年新型冠状病毒感染患者低钠血症发生情况调查分析[J/OL]. 中华老年病研究电子杂志, 2024, 11(02): 10-14.

Yu Zhang, Lin Wang. The occurrence of hyponatremia in elderly patients with corona virus disease 2019 admitted to the emergency department[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics Research(Electronic Edition), 2024, 11(02): 10-14.

目的

调查分析急诊内科老年新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)患者低钠血症的发生情况。

方法

选取2022年12月26日至2023年1月5日天津医科大学第二医院急诊内科收治的159例老年COVID-19患者的资料。根据血清钠离子水平将患者分为血钠正常组和低钠血症组,比较两组患者的症状、既往史、实验室检查结果、临床分型及病情严重程度等。计量资料的比较采用t检验,计数资料的比较采用χ2检验。

结果

159例患者中共65例发生低钠血症,发生率为40.9%,以轻度低钠血症为主(73.85%)。与血钠正常组比较,低钠血症组患者年龄更大、女性比例更高、发热及纳差等症状发生率更高、既往患有高血压病、冠心病、2型糖尿病、慢性肾脏病的比例更高(t=6.257,χ2=5.122、4.924、11.610、9.803、6.409、6.183、4.078,P<0.05或0.01),中性粒细胞百分比、C反应蛋白、D-二聚体、氨基末端脑钠肽前体水平更高(t=3.540、4.420、3.243、4.488,P<0.01),血钠浓度及血浆渗透压更低(t=-20.050、-15.142,P<0.01);中型、重型、危重型患者比例明显升高,且急诊医生建议入院治疗比例更高(χ2=38.868、35.688,P<0.01)。

结论

老年COVID-19患者低钠血症发生率较高,伴有低钠血症的COVID-19患者的合并症更多、炎症反应更强烈、病情更重,应积极治疗,降低死亡风险。

Objective

To investigate the occurrence of hyponatremia in elderly patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted to the emergency department.

Methods

Data of 159 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Emergency Department of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University during December 26, 2022 and January 5, 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. According to serum sodium ion level, all patients were divided into eunatremia group and hyponatremia group. Clinical symptoms, medical history, laboratory test results, clinical classification and severity were compared between the two groups. T test was used to compare the measurement data, and χ2 test was used to compare the counting data.

Results

Hyponatremia was developed in 65 out of 159 patients, with an incidence of 40.9%, and mild hyponatremia was the most popular (73.85%). Compared with the eunatremia group, patients in hyponatremia group were older, the proportion of women was higher, the symptoms such as fever and anorexia were more popular, and the proportions of patients with hypertension, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease were higher (t=6.257; χ2=5.122, 4.924, 11.610, 9.803, 6.409, 6.183, 4.078; P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); The percentage of neutrophils, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide levels were higher, while blood sodium concentration and plasma osmotic pressure were lower (t=3.540, 4.420, 3.243, 4.488, -20.050, -15.142; P < 0.01); The proportion of patients with moderate, severe, and critical conditions significantly increased, and the proportion of patients recommended for hospitalization by emergency doctors was higher (χ2=38.868, 35.688; P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The incidence of hyponatremia in elderly COVID-19 patients is high, and COVID-19 patients with hyponatremia have more complications, stronger inflammatory reactions, and more severe conditions, so active treatment should be carried out to reduce the risk of death.

表1 是否低钠血症COVID-19患者临床特征的比较[±s或例%)]
表2 是否低钠血症的新型冠状病毒感染患者的实验室检查结果比较[±s或例%)]
表3 是否低钠血症患者的新型冠状病毒感染临床分型及严重程度的比较[±s或例%)]
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