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中华老年病研究电子杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (02) : 5 -9. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8757.2024.02.002

临床研究

老年冠心病患者的营养风险、肌少症和衰弱筛查分析
曹婧然1, 董福强2, 张立剑2, 刘长乐2, 张煜坤2, 陈康寅2,()   
  1. 1. 300211 天津医科大学第二医院营养科
    2. 300211 天津医科大学第二医院心脏科
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-06 出版日期:2024-05-28
  • 通信作者: 陈康寅
  • 基金资助:
    天津市科技局自然科学基金重点项目(21JCZDJC01080)

Screening of nutritional risk, sarcopenia and frailty in older inpatients with coronary heart disease

Jingran Cao1, Fuqiang Dong2, Lijian Zhang2, Changle Liu2, Yukun Zhang2, Kangyin Chen2,()   

  1. 1. Nutrition Department, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
    2. Heart Center, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
  • Received:2023-12-06 Published:2024-05-28
  • Corresponding author: Kangyin Chen
引用本文:

曹婧然, 董福强, 张立剑, 刘长乐, 张煜坤, 陈康寅. 老年冠心病患者的营养风险、肌少症和衰弱筛查分析[J]. 中华老年病研究电子杂志, 2024, 11(02): 5-9.

Jingran Cao, Fuqiang Dong, Lijian Zhang, Changle Liu, Yukun Zhang, Kangyin Chen. Screening of nutritional risk, sarcopenia and frailty in older inpatients with coronary heart disease[J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics Research(Electronic Edition), 2024, 11(02): 5-9.

目的

筛查分析老年冠心病患者的营养风险、肌少症和衰弱的流行情况。

方法

收集2023年5—8月天津医科大学第二医院收治的60岁及以上的冠心病患者,根据患者住院号进行随机抽样调查。分别选用营养风险筛查量表(NRS2002)、SARC-CalF量表和FRAIL量表进行营养风险、肌少症和衰弱的筛查,并根据全球营养领导人发起的营养不良诊断标准和《国家心力衰竭指南2023》中的标准分别进行营养不良和慢性心力衰竭的诊断。采用t检验、秩和检验、χ2检验比较是否合并心力衰竭患者间的营养风险、肌少症和衰弱发生率的差异,并采用多元线性回归分析法对营养指标与心力衰竭指标之间的相关性进行分析。

结果

共纳入老年冠心病患者378例,其中合并心力衰竭111例。378例患者营养风险、营养不良、肌少症和衰弱的发生率分别为16.93%、5.55%、6.35%、21.95%,且心力衰竭者营养风险、肌少症和衰弱的发生率均高于非心力衰竭者(χ2=32.330、4.519、42.024,P<0.05或0.01)。N端B型脑钠肽前体NT-proBNP)水平与血红蛋白水平呈负相关(B=-58.410,P<0.05),而与FRAIL量表评分呈正相关(B=2 128.215,P<0.05)。NT-proBNP水平诊断衰弱的曲线下面积为0.88(0.67,1.00),当NT-proBNP≥3 181.85 ng/L时,其诊断衰弱的灵敏度为0.80,特异度为0.94。

结论

老年冠心病患者,尤其是合并心力衰竭的老年冠心病患者营养不良、衰弱、肌少症的发生率较高。当NT-proBNP≥3 181.85 ng/L时,应警惕衰弱风险存在,建议进行全面的衰弱筛查与评估。

Objective

To screen and analyze the prevalence of nutritional risk, sarcopenia and frailty in hospitalized elderly patients with coronary heart disease.

Methods

Patients aged 60 and over who were hospitalized in the Cardiology Department of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from May to August 2023 and were definitely diagnosed with coronary heart disease were collected, and the patients were randomly selected according to the hospitalization number for sampling investigation. Nutritional Risk Screening Scale (NRS2002), SARC-CalF Scale and FRAIL Scale were used to screen nutritional risk, sarcopenia and frailty respectively, and malnutrition and chronic heart failure were diagnosed according to the GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition and the criteria in National Heart Failure Guide 2023. T test, rank sum test and chi-square test were used to compare the differences of nutritional risk, sarcopenia and frailty among patients with or without heart failure, and analyze the correlation between nutritional indicators and heart failure indicators by multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

A total of 378 elderly inpatients with coronary heart disease were collected, including 111 cases with heart failure. Among 378 patients, the incidence rates of nutritional risk, malnutrition, sarcopenia and frailty were 16.93%, 5.55%, 6.35% and 21.95% respectively, and the incidence rates of nutritional risk, sarcopenia and frailty in heart failure group were higher than those in non-heart failure group (χ2=32.330, 4.519, 42.024; P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level was negatively correlated with hemoglobin level (B=-58.410, P < 0.05), but positively correlated with FRAIL scale score (B=2 128.215, P < 0.05). The area under the curve of NT-proBNP was 0.88 (0.67, 1.00), and when NT-proBNP≥3 181.85 ng/L, its sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing frailty were 0.80 and 0.94.

Conclusion

The incidence of malnutrition, frailty and sarcopenia is high in elderly patients with coronary heart disease, especially in elderly patients with heart failure. For patients with NT-proBNP≥3181.85 ng/L, it is suggested to conduct a comprehensive screening and evaluation of frailty.

表1 心力衰竭患者与非心力衰竭患者筛查结果的比较[±s或例%)]
图1 N端B型脑钠肽前体对衰弱的诊断曲线注:NT-proBNP指N端B型脑钠肽前体
表2 营养指标与N端B型脑钠肽前体的多元线性回归分析结果
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