| [1] |
中华医学会消化病学分会胃肠动力学组，中华医学会外科学分会结直肠肛门外科学组．中国慢性便秘诊治指南(2013年，武汉)[J]．中华消化杂志，2013，33(5): 291-297.
|
| [2] |
Gallagher P, O, Mahony D. Constipation in old age[J]. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 2009, 23(6): 875-887.
|
| [3] |
柯美云，王英凯．老年人慢性便秘的流行病学和研究进展[J]．实用老年医学杂志，2010，24(2): 92-94.
|
| [4] |
张蕾，陈常香，曹克勇．焦虑与老年人便秘相关性研究[J]．中国健康心理学杂志，2008，16(1): 46-47.
|
| [5] |
Oztürk R. Defecation disorders: an important subgroup of functional constipation, its pathophysiology, evaluation and treatment with biofeedback[J]. Turk J Gastroenterol, 2007, 18(3): 139-149.
|
| [6] |
李小鹰，王建业．哈兹德老年医学[M]．北京：人民军医出版社，2015：1236-1237.
|
| [7] |
Leung FW, Rao SS. Fecal incontinence in the elderly[J]. Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 2009, 38(3): 503-511.
|
| [8] |
Wald A. Faecal in the elderly: epidemiology and management[J]. Drugs Aging, 2005, 22(2): 131-139.
|
| [9] |
柯美云，方秀才．罗马Ⅲ功能性胃肠病[M]．北京：科学出版社，2008：432-497.
|
| [10] |
Bbarucba AE, Dorn SD, Lembo A, et al. American Gastroenterologizal Association medical position statement on constipation[J]. Gastroenterology, 2013, 144: 211-217.
|
| [11] |
Lindberg G, Hamid SS, Malfertheiner P, et al. World Gastroenterology Organisation global guideline: constipation-a global perspective[J]. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2011, 45(6): 483-487.
|
| [12] |
Curiale V, Kolk H, Pedersen H, et al. An unpopular geriatric syndrome: Management of chronic constipation in some European countries. Denmark, Estonia,Italy and Luxembourg[J].European Geriatric Medicine, 2013, 4(6): 421–426.
|
| [13] |
Müller-Lissner S, Rykx A, Kerstens R. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of prucalopride in elderly patients with chronic constipation[J]. Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2010, 22(9): 991-998.
|
| [14] |
Thomas J, Karver S, Cooney GA, et al. Methylnaltrexone for opioid-induced constipation in advanced illness[J].N Engl J Med, 2008, 358(22): 2332-2343.
|
| [15] |
中华中医药学会脾胃病分会．慢性便秘中医诊疗共识意见(2009年，深圳)[J]．中国中西医结合消化杂志，2010，18(2): 136-139.
|
| [16] |
林征．老年人慢性便秘的社会心理因素分析及其治疗[J]．实用老年医学杂志，2010，24(2): 110-112.
|
| [17] |
林琳，姜柳琴．老年人慢性便秘的非药物治疗[J]．实用老年医学杂志，2010，24(2): 104-106.
|