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中华老年病研究电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (03) : 25 -30. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8757.2025.03.004

临床研究

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺康复自我管理装置的效果评价
康莉1, 李俊芝1, 吴雪1, 杜毓锋2,()   
  1. 1太原 030001,山西医科大学第一临床医学院
    2太原 030001,山西医科大学第一医院老年病二科
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-20 出版日期:2025-08-28
  • 通信作者: 杜毓锋
  • 基金资助:
    山西省知识产权局专利转化计划项目(202406006)

Effect evaluation and qualitative research analysis of self-management device for pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Li Kang1, Junzhi Li1, Xue Wu1, Yufeng Du2,()   

  1. 1The First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
    2Department of Geriatrics, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
  • Received:2025-06-20 Published:2025-08-28
  • Corresponding author: Yufeng Du
引用本文:

康莉, 李俊芝, 吴雪, 杜毓锋. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺康复自我管理装置的效果评价[J/OL]. 中华老年病研究电子杂志, 2025, 12(03): 25-30.

Li Kang, Junzhi Li, Xue Wu, Yufeng Du. Effect evaluation and qualitative research analysis of self-management device for pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics Research(Electronic Edition), 2025, 12(03): 25-30.

目的

探讨肺康复自我管理装置对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺功能改善的临床疗效。

方法

选取2024年6月至2025年2月在山西医科大学第一医院就诊后病情平稳且均接受基础药物治疗的COPD患者90例,按随机数字表法分为自我管理组(给予肺康复自我管理装置远程监督管理每日康复训练)、家庭康复组(居家完成每日康复训练并填报记录表,每月给予电话随访)和健康宣教组(出院时予以肺康复训练健康宣教),每组30例。12周后,比较3组患者肺功能、运动耐力及肌力、呼吸困难改善情况。计量资料的比较采用t检验或非参数检验或方差分析,计数资料的比较采用χ2检验。

结果

家庭康复组28例,自我管理组29例,健康宣教组30例完成相应的训练及随访。3组患者一般临床资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组患者治疗前后第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1占预计值百分比(FEV1%pred)、FEV1/FVC的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。自我管理组治疗后FEV1、FVC、FEV1%pred、FEV1/FVC均较治疗前明显改善(t=-10.030、-4.647,Z=-9.604、-4.622,P<0.01)。治疗后,3组患者6 min步行距离(6MWD)、握力、5次坐立试验(5R-STST)、COPD评估测试(CAT)评分的差异均有统计学意义(F=5.015、8.860,H=10.477、12.795,P<0.01),其中自我管理组各项指标的改善最为明显(P<0.05)。家庭康复组和自我管理组治疗后6MWD、握力、CAT评分、5R-STST均较治疗前明显改善(t=-3.247、-2.066,Z=3.198、-4.690;t= -4.703、-14.832,Z=-4.406、2.436;P<0.01)。自我管理组训练依从性得分显著高于家庭康复组(t=-3.300,P<0.01)。

结论

采用肺康复自我管理装置进行COPD患者康复期的每日训练管理,能够有效提高患者训练的依从性,从而显著改善肺功能指标、四肢肌力、运动耐力及呼吸困难的状况。

Objective

To investigate the clinical efficacy of a pulmonary rehabilitation self-management device in improving lung function in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods

A total of 90 stable COPD patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and received basic pharmacological treatment were enrolled from the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between June 2024 and February 2025. They were randomly divided into three groups using a random number table: the self-management group (remote supervision and daily rehabilitation training using the pulmonary rehabilitation self-management device), the home rehabilitation group (daily home-based rehabilitation training with record-keeping and monthly telephone follow-ups), and the health education group (receiving pulmonary rehabilitation education at discharge). Each group consisted of 30 patients. After 12 weeks, lung function, exercise endurance, muscle strength, and dyspnea improvement were compared among the three groups. T test, non-parametric test, or analysis of variance was used to compared the measurement data, χ2 test was used to compared the count data.

Results

A total of 28 patients in the home rehabilitation group, 29 in the self-management group, and 30 in the health education group completed the training and follow-up. Baseline characteristics showed no statistically significant differences among the three groups (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), the percentage of predicted FEV1 (FEV1%pred), and FEV1/FVC before and after treatment among the three groups (P > 0.05). In the self-management group, FEV1, FVC, FEV1%pred, and FEV1/FVC were significantly improved after treatment compared with those before treatment (t=-10.030, -4.647; Z=-9.604, -4.622; P < 0.01). After treatment, there were statistically significant differences in the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), grip strength, 5-repetition sit-to-stand test (5R-STST), and COPD assessment test (CAT) scores among the three groups (F=5.015, 8.860; H=10.477, 12.795; P < 0.01). Among them, the self-management group showed the most significant improvement in all indicators (P < 0.05). After treatment, the 6MWD, grip strength, CAT score, and 5R-STST scores in both the home-based rehabilitation group and the self-management group showed significant improvement compared to those before treatment (t=-3.247, -2.066, Z=3.198, -4.690; t=-4.703, -14.832, Z=-4.406, 2.436; P < 0.01). The training compliance score in the self-management group was significantly higher than that in the home-based rehabilitation group (t=-3.300, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The use of a pulmonary rehabilitation self-management device for daily training management in COPD patients effectively enhances training compliance, thereby significantly improving lung function, limb muscle strength, exercise endurance, and dyspnea symptoms.

表1 3组慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者基线资料的比较
表2 3组慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者康复治疗前后肺功能的比较[(±s)或MP25P75)]
表3 3组慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者治疗前后四肢肌力及运动耐力的比较[(±s)或MP25P75)]
表4 3组慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者治疗前后呼吸困难相关量表评分比较[MP25P75)]
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