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中华老年病研究电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (03) : 15 -19. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8757.2025.03.002

临床研究

老年人饮食多样性与衰弱的关联研究
徐立宇()   
  1. 310013 杭州,浙江医院老年病科
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-23 出版日期:2025-08-28
  • 通信作者: 徐立宇

Association between dietary diversity and frailty in elderly people

Liyu Xu()   

  1. Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
  • Received:2025-05-23 Published:2025-08-28
  • Corresponding author: Liyu Xu
引用本文:

徐立宇. 老年人饮食多样性与衰弱的关联研究[J/OL]. 中华老年病研究电子杂志, 2025, 12(03): 15-19.

Liyu Xu. Association between dietary diversity and frailty in elderly people[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics Research(Electronic Edition), 2025, 12(03): 15-19.

目的

探讨老年人饮食多样性与衰弱的关联,为制定衰弱防治的营养干预策略提供循证依据。

方法

采集2018年中国老年健康和家庭幸福调查(CLHLS-HF)样本数据中9 785名老年人的基本信息、饮食状况及衰弱状况(采用衰弱指数进行评估),根据衰弱指数分为衰弱组和非衰弱组。采用t检验或χ2检验比较两组患者饮食摄入的差异情况,采用Logistic回归分析常规监测的9种食物摄入情况与老年人衰弱之间的关系。

结果

受试者年龄(85.04±11.52)岁,衰弱指数为(0.17±0.13),衰弱患病率为24.24%(2 372/9 785),饮食多样性得分(4.65±1.98)分。Logistic回归分析结果显示,饮食多样性不足是衰弱的危险因素之一(OR=1.239,95%CI:1.130~1.359,P<0.01),增加新鲜蔬菜、肉类、豆制品、茶的摄入可减少衰弱的发生风险(OR=0.564、0.814、0.847、0.853,95%CI:0.480~0.663、0.710~0.933、0.754~0.953、0.729~0.998,P<0.05或0.01)。

结论

饮食多样性不足是衰弱的危险因素,维持良好饮食多样性,如增加新鲜蔬菜、肉类、豆制品及茶的摄入,是降低老年人衰弱风险的营养干预方向。

Objective

To clarify the association of dietary diversity and dietary intake frequency with frailty among older adults, and to provide an evidence-based foundation for developing nutritional intervention strategies for frailty prevention and treatment.

Methods

Basic information, dietary status, and frailty prevalence (assessed using the frailty index) were collected from 9785 older adults in the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey-Home Follow-up (CLHLS-HF). All the participants were divided into the frail group and the non-frail group. T test or χ2 test was used to compare the differences in dietary intake between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the intake frequency of 9 routinely monitored food types and frailty in older adults.

Results

The average age of the participants was (85.04±11.52) years, the frailty index was (0.17±0.13), the detection rate of frailty was 24.24% (2 372 cases), and the dietary diversity score was (4.65±1.98) points. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that insufficient dietary diversity (OR=1.239, 95%CI: 1.130-1.359, P < 0.01) was a risk factor for frailty. Conversely, increased intake of fresh vegetables, meat, soy productsand tea could reduce the risk of frailty (OR=0.564, 0.814, 0.847, 0.853; 95%CI: 0.480-0.663, 0.710-0.933, 0.754-0.953, 0.729-0.998, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Insufficient dietary diversity is a risk factor for frailty. Maintaining good dietary diversity, such as increasing the intake of fresh vegetables, meat, soy products, and tea, represents a potential nutritional intervention direction for reducing the risk of frailty in older adults.

表1 两组对象基线资料的比较(±s
表2 衰弱影响因素的Logistic回归分析
表3 两组对象9种饮食摄入情况的比较[例(%)]
表4 不同种类饮食摄入情况对衰弱影响的多因素Logistic回归分析
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