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中华老年病研究电子杂志 ›› 2019, Vol. 06 ›› Issue (04) : 1 -7. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8757.2019.04.001

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指南解读

2019 ADA糖尿病医学诊疗标准更新要点解读
韦怡超1, 胡予1,()   
  1. 1. 200032 上海,复旦大学附属中山医院老年病科
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-05 出版日期:2019-11-28
  • 通信作者: 胡予

Interpretation of updated main points of "American Diabetes Association: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019"

Yichao Wei1, Yu Hu1()   

  • Received:2019-11-05 Published:2019-11-28
  • Corresponding author: Yu Hu
引用本文:

韦怡超, 胡予. 2019 ADA糖尿病医学诊疗标准更新要点解读[J]. 中华老年病研究电子杂志, 2019, 06(04): 1-7.

Yichao Wei, Yu Hu. Interpretation of updated main points of "American Diabetes Association: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019"[J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics Research(Electronic Edition), 2019, 06(04): 1-7.

表1 糖尿病及糖尿病前期诊断标准
表2 评估与治疗计划表
表3 低血糖风险评估表
图1 以患者为中心的2型糖尿病血糖管理决策循环
表4 血糖分级定义
图2 2型糖尿病降糖药物治疗总体方案[注1:ASCVD为冠状动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病;CKD为慢性肾病;CV为心血管;CVD为心血管疾病;CVOTs为心血管事件结局的研究;DPP-4i为二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂;eGFR为估计肾小球滤过率;GLP-1RA为胰高糖素样肽受体激动剂;HF为心力衰竭;SGLT2i为钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂;SU为磺脲类;TZD为噻唑烷二酮类。注2:1证实的CVD获益即药物标签表明具有减少CVD事件的适应证;对于GLP-1RA,最强证据为利拉鲁肽>索马鲁肽>艾塞那肽缓释剂;对于SGLT2i,恩格列净的证据稍强于卡格列净。2注意初始及持续使用SGLT2i时,eGFR适应水平在不同地区及药物之间有所改变。3在CVOT中,恩格列净和卡格列净都显示出HF和CKD进展减少。4德谷胰岛素和U100甘精胰岛素都显示出了CVD安全性。5低剂量可能耐受性更好,但对CVD效果的研究尚不足。6选择低血糖风险更小的新一代SU。7德谷胰岛素/甘精胰岛素U300<甘精胰岛素U100/地特胰岛素<NPH胰岛素。8索马鲁肽>利拉鲁肽>杜拉鲁肽>艾赛那肽>利西那肽。9如无特别合并症(如CVD、低血糖风险低、对避免体重增加需求不高或无体重相关的合并症)。10考虑国家和地区特异的药物成本,有些国家TZD相对较贵而DPP-4i相对较便宜]
图3 注射治疗强化方案(注1:当选择GLP-1RA时,考虑:患者偏好、降低HbA1c、减重效果、注射频率。如果有CVD,考虑已证实CVD获益的GLP-1RA。注2:DSMES为糖尿病自我管理教育及支持;FPG为空腹血糖;FRC为固定比例组合;GLP1-RA为胰高糖素样肽受体激动剂;max为最大值;PPG为餐后血糖)
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