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中华老年病研究电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (01) : 33 -39. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8757.2026.01.006

临床研究

术前放化疗对高龄局部晚期直肠癌患者预后的影响
沈才路1, 汪舫2, 黄泽波1,()   
  1. 1214000 无锡,江南大学附属医院肿瘤内科
    2214000 无锡,江南大学无锡医学院
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-09 出版日期:2026-02-28
  • 通信作者: 黄泽波
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(82504176); 无锡市科技发展基金项目(N20202014)

The impact of preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy on the prognosis of elderly patients with locally advanced rectal cancer

Cailu Shen1, Fang Wang2, Zebo Huang1,()   

  1. 1Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
    2Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
  • Received:2025-12-09 Published:2026-02-28
  • Corresponding author: Zebo Huang
引用本文:

沈才路, 汪舫, 黄泽波. 术前放化疗对高龄局部晚期直肠癌患者预后的影响[J/OL]. 中华老年病研究电子杂志, 2026, 13(01): 33-39.

Cailu Shen, Fang Wang, Zebo Huang. The impact of preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy on the prognosis of elderly patients with locally advanced rectal cancer[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics Research(Electronic Edition), 2026, 13(01): 33-39.

目的

探讨术前放化疗对高龄局部晚期直肠癌(LARC)患者长期生存的影响。

方法

基于美国监测、流行病学和最终结果(SEER)数据库,回顾性纳入2010年1月至2020年12月经病理确诊的≥75岁的Ⅱ~Ⅲ期LARC手术患者,根据治疗方式分为术前放化疗组与单纯手术组。采用倾向评分匹配(PSM)均衡基线特征,主要终点为总生存期(OS)及肿瘤特异性生存期(CSS)。Kaplan-Meier法估计生存率,Log-Rank检验比较组间差异;COX比例风险模型分析OS影响因素,计算风险比(HR)及95%置信区间(CI);Fine-Gray竞争风险模型评估CSS,计算亚分布风险比(sHR)及95%CI。采用全人群多因素校正、逆概率加权及重叠加权进行敏感性分析。

结果

共纳入605例患者,其中术前放化疗组419例,单纯手术组186例。经1:1 PSM后两组各147例,基线特征均衡性良好。术前放化疗组未达到中位OS(95%CI:49.0~未达到),单纯手术组为43.0个月(95%CI:35.0~52.0),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素COX回归分析显示,术前放化疗与全因死亡风险降低独立相关(HR=0.531,95%CI:0.363~0.775,P<0.01)。死亡病例中非肿瘤死亡占40.9%。Fine-Gray模型校正竞争风险后,术前放化疗组CSS风险降低26.7%,但差异无统计学意义(sHR=0.733,95%CI:0.451~1.193,P>0.05)。全人群多因素校正分析显示,术前放化疗组OS(HR=0.498,95%CI:0.363~0.682,P<0.01)及CSS(sHR=0.571,95%CI:0.378~0.861,P<0.01)均显著优于单纯手术组,逆概率加权及重叠加权分析结果与之一致。

结论

≥75岁高龄LARC患者可从术前放化疗中得到OS获益,高龄不宜作为放弃术前放化疗的主要依据。

Objective

To evaluate the impact of preoperative chemoradiotherapy on long-term survival in patients aged≥75 years with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify patients aged≥75 years with pathologically confirmed stageⅡ-Ⅲ rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery between January 2010 and December 2020. Patients were stratified into two groups: the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group and the surgery-alone group. Propensity score matching (PSM) balanced baseline characteristics between groups. Primary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Kaplan-Meier curves estimated survival rates, with Log-Rank tests comparing between-group differences. COX proportional hazards models identified factors associated with OS and generated hazard ratios (HR) with 95%confidence intervals (CI). The Fine-Gray competing risk model evaluated CSS and calculated subdistribution hazard ratios (sHR)with 95%CI. Sensitivity analyses including multivariable adjustment in the whole-cohort, inverse probability weighting, and overlap weighting were performed.

Results

All of 605 patients enrolled, 419 received preoperative chemoradiotherapy and 186 underwent surgery alone. After 1:1 PSM, 147 matched pairs demonstrated well-balanced baseline characteristics. Median OS was not reached in the preoperative chemoradiotherapy group (95%CI: 49.0 to not reached) versus 43.0 months (95%CI: 35.0-52.0) in the surgery alone group (P < 0.01). Multivariate COX regression identified preoperative chemoradiotherapy as independently associated with reduced all-cause mortality (HR=0.531, 95%CI: 0.363-0.775, P < 0.01). Non-cancer deaths comprised 40.9% of all deaths. Fine-Gray competing risk analysis demonstrated 26.7% reduction in cancer-specific mortality with preoperative chemoradiotherapy (sHR=0.733, 95%CI: 0.451-1.193, P > 0.05), although this did not reach statistical significance. In the whole-cohort multivariable adjustment analysis, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was associated with significantly better OS (HR=0.498, 95%CI: 0.363-0.682, P < 0.01) and CSS (sHR=0.571, 95%CI: 0.378-0.861, P < 0.01) compared with the surgery alone. Inverse probability weighting and overlap weighting analyses yielded consistent results.

Conclusion

Patients aged≥75 years with LARC derive significant OS benefit from preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Advanced age alone should not preclude this treatment approach.

表1 匹配前后两组≥75岁LARC患者基线特征比较[例(%)]
变量 匹配前队列 SMD 匹配后队列 SMD
术前放化疗组(n=419) 单纯手术组(n=186) 术前放化疗组(n=147) 单纯手术组(n=147)
年龄(岁)     0.798     0.000
75~84 379(90.5) 108(58.1)   108(73.5) 108(73.5)  
≥85 40(9.5) 78(41.9)   39(26.5) 39(26.5)  
性别     0.071     0.070
男性 249(59.4) 117(62.9)   88(59.9) 93(63.3)  
女性 170(40.6) 69(37.1)   59(40.1) 54(36.7)  
种族     0.065     0.068
白种人 334(79.7) 153(82.3)   115(78.2) 119(81.0)  
其他 85(20.3) 33(17.7)   32(21.8) 28(19.0)  
婚姻状况     0.228     0.041
已婚 239(57.0) 85(45.7)   80(54.4) 77(52.4)  
其他 180(43.0) 101(54.3)   67(45.6) 70(47.6)  
T分期     0.082     0.000
T1~T2 25(6.0) 15(8.1)   10(6.8) 10(6.8)  
T3~T4 394(94.0) 171(91.9)   137(93.2) 137(93.2)  
N分期     0.502     0.000
N0 157(37.5) 115(61.8)   85(57.8) 85(57.8)  
N1~N2 262(62.5) 71(38.2)   62(42.2) 62(42.2)  
组织学类型     0.089     0.000
腺癌 406(96.9) 177(95.2)   141(95.9) 141(95.9)  
其他 13(3.1) 9(4.8)   6(4.1) 6(4.1)  
治疗前血清CEA水平     0.059     0.096
正常 204(48.7) 96(51.6)   84(57.1) 77(52.4)  
异常 215(51.3) 90(48.4)   63(42.9) 70(47.6)  
图1 匹配后两组≥75岁局部晚期直肠癌患者总生存期曲线图
表2 匹配后≥75岁局部晚期直肠癌患者总生存期的多因素COX回归分析
图2 匹配后两组≥75岁局部晚期直肠癌患者肿瘤特异性死亡累积发生率曲线图
图3 术前放化疗对≥75岁局部晚期直肠癌患者总生存期影响的亚组分析森林图注:HR为风险比;CI为置信区间
表3 术前放化疗对≥75岁局部晚期直肠癌患者生存结局影响的敏感性分析
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