对比分析我国南方地区和北方地区骨质疏松的流行病学特点。

利用万方数据库、中国知网数据库检索2013年1月至2018年12月报道的关于骨质疏松流行病学文献，按照纳入及排除标准选择其中具有区域性代表（以北京市、甘肃省、河南省、山西省和山东省代表北方地区，以广东省、广西省、四川省、贵州省和江西省代表南方地区）的文献。然后人工提取各文献中的相关数据，包括研究对象样本量、性别、年龄、骨质疏松患病人数等。率的比较采用χ²检验。

共筛选出符合标准的文献10篇，从中收集到研究对象38 941例，其中骨质疏松患者8 334例（21.4%）。南方地区和北方地区骨质疏松患病情况呈现出一致的流行病学特征：无论男性还是女性，骨质疏松患病率均随增龄逐渐增高；除20～29岁外的其他各年龄段，女性骨质疏松患病率均明显高于男性（P<0.05或0.01）；老年人骨质疏松患病率普遍较高（其中南方地区80～89岁女性患病率更是高达73.46%），老年男性、女性骨质疏松患病率均显著高于非老年人（北方地区：χ²=960.180、1 315.400，均P<0.01；南方地区：χ²=773.290、1 482.720，均P<0.01）。与南方地区比较，北方地区男性、女性骨质疏松患病率均明显更高（非老年人：χ²=39.740、44.660，P<0.01；老年人：χ²=34.540、16.140）。与南方地区对应年龄段比较，北方地区40～49岁、50～59岁及60～69岁人群骨质疏松患病率更高（男性：χ²=29.300、8.000、3.900，P<0.05或0.01；女性：χ²=15.580、50.590、5.860，P<0.05或0.01），但70～79、80～89岁人群骨质疏松患病率更低（男性：χ²=21.570、90.240，P<0.01；女性：χ²=4.430、97.200，P<0.05或0.01）。

南方地区总体发病率高于北方，两个地区均为70～80岁年龄段患者所占比例最高，并且各个年龄段女性患者均多于男性。南北两地区骨质疏松患病率均随年龄增加而升高，且两地区50岁年龄段人口骨质疏松患病率较前明显升高，临床上应在此时间段予以干预，预防骨质丢失及骨质疏松的发生。

To compare and analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of osteoporosis in southern and northern China.

Use Wanfang database and China HowNet database to retrieve the literatures on Osteoporosis Epidemiology reported from January 2013 to December 2018, and select the regional representative literatures according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Beijing, Gansu, Henan, Shanxi and Shandong provinces represented the northern regions, while Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Jiangxi provinces represented the southern regions. Then the specific data in each literature were extracted manually, including the sample size, gender, age, number of osteoporosis patients, etc. Chi-square test was used to compare the rates.

A total of 10 articles were selected, from which 38 941 cases were collected, including 8 334 cases (21.4%) of osteoporosis. The prevalence of osteoporosis in the two regions showed the same epidemiological characteristics: the prevalence of osteoporosis increased gradually with increasing age in both males and females; The prevalence of osteoporosis in women was significantly higher than that in men except 20 to 29 years old (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The prevalence of osteoporosis in elderly men and women is significantly higher than that in non-elderly people (in northern China: χ²=960.180, 1 315.400, P < 0.01; in southern China: χ²=773.290、1 482.720, P < 0.01). Compared with southern China, the prevalence of osteoporosis was significantly higher in both males and females in northern China (non-elderly: χ²=39.740, 44.660, P < 0.01; the elderly: χ²=34.540, 16.140, P < 0.01). Compared with the southern region, the prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in men aged 40~49, 50~59 and 60~69 in the northern region (men: χ²=29.300, 8.000, 3.900, P < 0.05 or 0.01; women: χ²=15.580, 50.590, 5.860, P<0.05 or 0.01), but lower in men aged 70~79, 80~89 (men: χ²=21.570, 90.240, P < 0.01; women: χ²=4.430, 97.200, P < 0.05 or 0.01).

The overall incidence rate in the southern region is higher than that in the north. The proportion of patients in the 70~80 age group is the highest in both regions, and the female patients in all ages are more than men. The prevalence of osteoporosis increased with the increase of age in the two regions, and the prevalence of osteoporosis in 50 years of age in these two regions is significantly higher than before, so clinical intervention should be carried out during this period to prevent bone loss and osteoporosis.