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中华老年病研究电子杂志 ›› 2017, Vol. 04 ›› Issue (01) : 30 -35. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8757.2017.01.007

所属专题: 文献

临床研究

老年住院患者衰弱状况及其影响因素分析
孙凯旋1, 刘永兵1, 薛谨1, 侯萍1, 吴琳凤1, 薛玲玲1, 薛慧萍1, 史宏灿2,()   
  1. 1. 225001 扬州大学护理学院
    2. 225001 扬州大学医学院
  • 收稿日期:2016-12-16 出版日期:2017-02-28
  • 通信作者: 史宏灿
  • 基金资助:
    扬州市重点研发计划(社会发展)项目(YZ2015054); 扬州大学"高端人才支持计划"项目(201431)

The status and the influence factors of frailty syndrome for elderly individuals

Kaixuan Sun1, Yongbing Liu1, Jin Xue1, Ping Hou1, Linfeng Wu1, Lingling Xue1, Huiping Xue1, Hongcan Shi2,()   

  1. 1. Nursing college of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
    2. Medical college of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
  • Received:2016-12-16 Published:2017-02-28
  • Corresponding author: Hongcan Shi
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Shi Hongcan, Email:
引用本文:

孙凯旋, 刘永兵, 薛谨, 侯萍, 吴琳凤, 薛玲玲, 薛慧萍, 史宏灿. 老年住院患者衰弱状况及其影响因素分析[J]. 中华老年病研究电子杂志, 2017, 04(01): 30-35.

Kaixuan Sun, Yongbing Liu, Jin Xue, Ping Hou, Linfeng Wu, Lingling Xue, Huiping Xue, Hongcan Shi. The status and the influence factors of frailty syndrome for elderly individuals[J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics Research(Electronic Edition), 2017, 04(01): 30-35.

目的

调查老年住院患者的衰弱状况并探讨其影响因素。

方法

采取便利抽样法选择扬州大学医学院附属医院2016年8月至11月收治的老年患者120例,采用一般资料问卷调查其基线资料,并用衰弱表型筛查其衰弱状况(分为健康状态、衰弱前期、衰弱三类);然后采用老年综合评估专业量表对不同衰弱状况患者进行评估比较,并对衰弱的影响因素进行分析。符合正态分布的计量资料,两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用方差分析;不符合正态分布的采用非参数检验。计数资料采用频数、百分比进行描述,两组间比较采用χ2检验,等级资料的比较采用非参数检验。衰弱影响因素的分析采用Logistic回归模型。

结果

120例老年住院患者中,健康状态、衰弱前期和衰弱者分别为42例(35.0%)、46例(38.3%)和32例(26.7%)。单因素分析结果显示,除性别、BMI及饮酒史外,不同职业、吸烟与否、抑郁状况、年龄、收入水平、文化程度、健康自评状况、患病种类、服用药物种类,其衰弱情况的分布差异均有统计学意义(χ2=13.745、5.074、0.428、29.170,H=23.569、8.316、12.482、20.702、29.286、16.038;P<0.05或0.01)。不同状态(健康、衰弱前期、衰弱)的日常生活能力、工具性日常生活能力、简明精神状态量表评分以及焦虑、疲劳、躯体疲劳、脑力疲劳评分的差异均有统计学意义(H=49.502、51.763、26.435、38.410、48.374、52.338、7.923,P<0.05或0.01),其中衰弱患者各项评分均明显高于健康者及衰弱前期患者。Logistic回归分析显示,高龄、吸烟、抑郁、日常生活能力下降、简明精神状态量表得分降低和躯体疲劳是衰弱的危险因素(OR=3.022、3.177、9.650、1.266、0.835、1.733,P<0.05或0.01)。

结论

老年住院患者的衰弱状况不容乐观,且受多种因素的影响,临床工作中应重视患者的衰弱状况,并从多角度及时采取综合措施予以干预。

Objective

To evaluate the hospitalized elderly patients’ frailty status and explore the influencing factors of frailty.

Methods

A total of 120 hospitalized elderly patients were recruited by convenience sampling method from affiliated hospital of Yangzhou University in August to November in 2016. Investigating the baseline data with general questionnaire; Assessing the frailty status (divided into robust, pre-frailty, frailty) with the frailty phenotype; Evaluating the patients in different group with the comprehensive geriatric assessment and analyzing the factors of frailty. For normal distribution measurement data: two groups compared using t test; multiple groups compared using ANOVA. Skewed distribution measurement data was analyzed with nonparametric test. The counting data were described by frequency and percentage, and the comparison between groups was analyzed by crosstabs. The influencing factors of frailty were analyzed by logistic regression model.

Results

The frequency (prevalence) of robust, pre-frailty and frailty were 42(35.0%), 46(38.3%) and 32(26.7%). The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of frailty in terms of career, smoking, status of depression, age, income level, educational level, health self-assessment, type of illness and kinds of drug (χ2=13.745, 5.074, 0.428, 29.17; H=23.569, 8.316, 12.482, 20.702, 29.286, 16.038; P < 0.05 or 0.01). There were also statistically significant differences of ADL, IADL, score of Mini-Mental state examination (MMSE) and scores of anxiety, fatigue, physical fatigue and mental fatigue scales, among different frailty status (divided into robust, pre-frailty, frailty (H=49.502, 51.763, 26.435, 38.410, 48.374, 52.338, 7.923; P < 0.05 or 0.01). Among them, all scores of patients of frailty were significantly higher than individuals in robust and pre-frailty status. The multiple logistic regression indicated that increasing age, smoking, depression, low score of activity of daily living and mini-mental state examination, and physical fatigue were significant risk factor associated with frailty (OR=3.022, 3.177, 9.650, 1.266, 0.835, 1.733, P < 0.05 or 0.01).

Conclusion

The incidence of frailty among hospitalized elderly patients is not optimistic and the risk factors are many. We should pay more attention to the frailty status of hospitalized elderly patients and take multifaceted intervention.

表1 120例老年住院患者不同人口社会学特征的衰弱水平分布情况及比较[例(%)]
项目 例数 健康状态 衰弱前期 衰弱 检验值 P
性别 ? ? ? ? χ2=0.020 >0.05
? 90 32(35.5) 34(37.8) 24(26.7) ? ?
? 30 10(33.3) 12(40.0) 8(26.7) ? ?
年龄(岁) ? ? ? ? H=23.569 <0.01
? 60~ 64 33(51.6) 24(37.5) 7(10.9) ? ?
? 70~ 47 8(17.0) 19(40.4) 20(42.6) ? ?
? 80~ 9 1(11.1) 3(33.3) 5(55.6) ? ?
月收入 ? ? ? ? H=8.316 <0.05
? <2000元 33 5(15.1) 15(45.5) 13(39.4) ? ?
? 2000~5000元 57 22(38.6) 23(40.4) 12(21.0) ? ?
? ≥5000元 30 15(50.0) 8(26.7) 7(23.3) ? ?
文化程度 ? ? ? ? H=12.482 <0.01
? 小学及以下 56 9(16.1) 28(50.0) 19(33.9) ? ?
? 中学 49 25(51.0) 13(26.5) 11(22.5) ? ?
? 大专及以上 15 8(53.3) 5(33.3) 2(13.4) ? ?
职业 ? ? ? ? χ2=13.745 <0.01
? 农民及工人 66 12(18.2) 32(48.5) 22(33.3) ? ?
? 其他 54 30(55.6) 14(25.9) 10(1.5) ? ?
BMI ? ? ? ? χ2=0.003 >0.05
? 异常 70 25(35.7) 26(37.1) 19(27.2) ? ?
? 正常 50 17(34.0) 20(40.0) 13(26.0) ? ?
健康自评 ? ? ? ? H=20.702 <0.01
? 50 25(50.0) 19(38.0) 6(12.0) ? ?
? 一般 44 15(35.7) 16(38.1) 11(26.2) ? ?
? 26 2(7.1) 11(39.3) 15(53.6) ? ?
患病种类 ? ? ? ? H=29.286 <0.01
? 0~1 14 10(71.4) 3(21.4) 1(7.2) ? ?
? 2~3 61 27(44.3) 26(42.6) 8(13.1) ? ?
? ≥4 45 5(11.1) 17(37.8) 23(51.1) ? ?
服用药物种类 ? ? ? ? H=16.038 <0.01
? 0~1 37 17(45.9) 15(40.6) 5(13.5) ? ?
? 2~3 45 18(40.0) 20(44.4) 7(15.6) ? ?
? ≥4 38 7(18.4) 11(30.0) 20(52.6) ? ?
吸烟史 ? ? ? ? χ2=5.074 <0.05
? 66 17(25.8) 28(42.4) 21(31.8) ? ?
? 54 25(46.3) 18(33.3) 11(20.4) ? ?
饮酒史 ? ? ? ? χ2=0.428 >0.05
? 62 23(37.1) 24(38.7) 15(24.2) ? ?
? 58 19(32.8) 22(37.9) 17(29.3) ? ?
抑郁 ? ? ? ? χ2=29.170 <0.01
? 40 4(10.0) 13(32.5) 23(57.5) ? ?
? 80 38(47.5) 33(41.2) 9(11.3) ? ?
表2 120老年住院患者日常生活能力和精神心理因素评分的比较[中位数(四分位数间距)]
表3 自变量赋值表
表4 120例老年住院患者衰弱影响因素的Logistic回归分析
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