| [1] |
Kumar S, Berl T. Sodium[J]. Lancet, 1998, 352(9123): 220-228.
|
| [2] |
SchrierRW. Body water homeostasis: clinical disorders of urinary dilution and concentration[J].J Am Soc Nephrol, 2006, 17(7): 1820-1832.
|
| [3] |
Al-Salman J, Kemp D, Randall D. Hyponatraemia[J]. West J Med, 2002, 176(3):173-176.
|
| [4] |
Wald R, Jaber BL, Price LL, et al. Impact of hospital-associated hyponatremia on selected-outcomes[J]. Arch Intern Med, 2010, 170(3): 294-302.
|
| [5] |
Hoorn E, Lindemans J, Zietse R. Development of severe hyponatraemia in hospitalized patients:treatment-related risk factors and inadequeate management[J]. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2006, 21(1): 70-76.
|
| [6] |
Hawkins RC.Age and gender as risk factors for hyponatremia and hypernatremia[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2003, 337(1-2): 169-172.
|
| [7] |
Ron Wald, Bertrand L, Jaber L, et al. Mild hyponatremia is associated with an increased risk of death in an ambulatory setting[J]. Arch Intern Med, 2010, 170(3): 294-302.
|
| [8] |
Stelfox HT, Ahmed SB, Khandwala F, et al. The epidemiology of intensive care unit-accquired huponatraemia and hypernatraemia in medical-surgical intensive care units[J]. Can J Anaesth, 2010, 57(7): 650-658.
|
| [9] |
Funk GC, Lindner G, Druml W, et al. Incidence and prognosis of dysnatremia present on ICU admission[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2010, 36(2): 304-311.
|
| [10] |
Shapiro DS, Sonnenblick M, Galperin I, et al. Severe hyponatraemia in elderly hospitalized patients: prevalence,aetiology and outcome[J].Internal Medicine Journal, 2010, 40(8): 574-580.
|
| [11] |
Caird FI, Andrews GR, Kennedy RD. Effect of posture on blood pressure in the elderly[J]. Br Heart J, 1973, 35(5): 527-530.
|
| [12] |
Miller M, Hecher MS, Friedlander DA. Apparent idiopathic hyponatremia in an ambulatory geriatric population[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1996, 44(4):404-408.
|
| [13] |
Anpalahan M. Chronic idiopathic hyponatremia in older people due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion(SIADH) possibly related fto aging[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2001, 49(6):788-792.
|
| [14] |
Miller M. Hyponatremia: age-related risk factors and therapy decisions[J]. Geriatrics, 1998, 53(7): 32-48.
|
| [15] |
Miller M, Morley JF, Rubinstein LZ. Hyponatremia in a nursing home population[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1995, 43(12): 1410-1413.
|
| [16] |
Rudman D, Racette D, Rudman IW, et al. Hyponatremia in tube-fed elderly men[J].J Chronic Dis, 1986, 39(2): 73-80.
|
| [17] |
Glover M, Clayton J. Thiazide-induced hyponatremia: epidemiology and clues to pathogenesis[J]. Cardiovascular therapeutics, 2012, 30(5): 219-226.
|
| [18] |
Clayton JP, Rodgers S, Blakey J, et al. Thiazide diuretic prescription and electrocyte abnormalities in primary care[J].Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2006, 61(1): 87-95.
|
| [19] |
王文悦．利尿剂所致低钠血症：临床研究汇总分析(硕士论文)．重庆：重庆医科大学，2013.
|
| [20] |
Wald R, Jaber BL, Price LL, et al. Impact of hospital-associated hyponatremia on selected outcomes[J]. Arch Intern Med, 2010, 170(3): 294-302.
|
| [21] |
Shapiro DS, Sonnenblick M, Galperin L, et al. Severe hyponatremia in elderly hospitalized patients: prevalence,aetiology and outcome[J]. Internal Medicine Journal, 2010, 40(8): 574-580.
|
| [22] |
刘宏伟，焦杰．重症心力衰竭合并低钠血症30例治疗体会[J]．中国临床研究，2013，26(11): 1159-1160.
|
| [23] |
Jencks SF, Williams MV, Coleman EA, et al. Rehospitalizations among patients in the Medicare fee-for-service program[J]. N Engl J Med, 2009, 360(14): 1418-1429.
|
| [24] |
Abraham WT. Hormones and hemodynamics in heart failure[J]. N Engl J Med, 2009, 341(8): 577-585.
|
| [25] |
Arévalo Lorido JC, Carretero Gómez J, Formiga F, et al.Hyponatremia as predictor of worse outcome in real world patients admitted with acute heart failure[J]. Cardiol J, 2013, 20(5): 506-512.
|
| [26] |
Allen LA. Identifying patients hospitalized with heart failure at risk for unfavorable future quality of life[J]. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 2011, 4(4): 389-398.
|
| [27] |
Schrier RW. Blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and serum creatinine: not married in heart failure[J]. Circ Heart Fail, 2008, 1(1): 2-5.
|
| [28] |
Porcel A. Dilutional hyponatremia in patients with cirrhosis and ascites[J]. Arch Intern Med, 2002, 162(3): 323-328.
|
| [29] |
Sola E. Factors related to quality of life in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: relevance of serum sodium concentration and led edema[J]. J Hepatol, 2012, 57(6): 1199-206.
|
| [30] |
Cardenas A. Tolvaptan, an oral vasopressin antagonist, in the treatment of hyponatremia in cirrhosis[J]. J Hepatol, 2011, 56(3): 571-578.
|
| [31] |
Hachworth WA. Effect of hyponatremia on outcomes following orthotopic liver transplantation[J]. Liver Int, 2009, 29(7): 1071-1077.
|
| [32] |
Runkle L, Villabona C, Navarro A, et al. The treament of hyponatremia secundary to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion[J]. Med Clin(Barc), 2013, 141(11): 507.
|
| [33] |
Chen L, Xu M, Zou Y, et al. Clinical Analysis of Brain Trauma-Associated SIADH[J]. Cell Biochem Biophys, 2015, 69(3): 703-706.
|
| [34] |
Correia L, Ferreira R, Correia I, et al. Severe hyponatremia in older patients at admission in an internal medicine department[J]. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 2014, 59(3):642-647.
|
| [35] |
De Picker L, Van Den Eede F, Dumont G, et al. Antidepressants and the risk of hyponatremia:a class-by-class review of literature[J]. Psychosomatics, 2014, 55(6): 536-547.
|
| [36] |
Kovesdy CP. Hyponatremia, hypernatremia, and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without congesitive heart failure[J]. Circulation, 2012, 125(5): 677-684.
|
| [37] |
Berghmans T, Paesmans M, Body JJ. A prospective study on hyponatraemia in medical cancer patients: epidemiology, aetiology and differential diagnosis[J]. Support Care Cancer, 2000, 8(3): 192-197.
|
| [38] |
Doshi SM, Shah P, Lei X, et al. Hyponatremia in hospitalized cancer patients and its impact on clinical outcomes[J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2012, 59(2): 222-228.
|
| [39] |
Schwartz WB, Bennet W, Curelop S, et al. A syndrome of renal sodium loss and hyponatremia probably resulting from inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone[J]. Am J Med, 1957, 23(4): 529-542.
|
| [40] |
Morton JJ, Kelly P, Padfield PL. Antidiuretic hormone in bronchogenic carcinoma[J]. Clin Endocrinol, 1978, 9(4): 357-370.
|
| [41] |
扈艳婷，王旭，马克威，等．局限期小细胞肺癌并发抗利尿激素分泌不当综合征的临床研究[J]．临床荟萃，2014，29(5): 512-514.
|
| [42] |
Nagappa M, Bhat RR, Sudeep K, et al. Vincristine-induced acute life-threatening hyponatremia resulting in seizure and coma[J]. Indian J Crit Care Med, 2009, 13(3): 167-168.
|
| [43] |
Matsuura T. Hyponatremia in cancer patients[J]. Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi, 2012, 54(7): 1016-22.
|
| [44] |
Issa MM, Young MR, Bullock AR, et al. Dilutional hyponatremia of TURP syndrome: a historical event in the 21st century[J]. Urology, 2004, 64(2): 298-301.
|
| [45] |
Hwang CB. Absorption of irrigating fluid during transcervical resection of endometrium-a report of two cases[J]. Acta Anaesthesiol, Sin, 1997, 35(1): 45-50.
|
| [46] |
Tachi T, Yokoi T, Goto C, et al. Hyponatremia and hypokalemia as risk factors for falls[J]. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2015, 69(2): 205-210.
|
| [47] |
Zaino CJ, Maheshwari AV, Goldfarb DS. Impact of mild chronic hyponatremia on falls, fractures,osteoporosis, and death[J]. Am J Orthop, 2013, 42(11): 522-527.
|
| [48] |
Ziere G. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibiting antidepressants are associated with an increased risk of nonvertebral fractures[J]. J Clin Psychopharmacol, 2008, 28(4): 411-417.
|
| [59] |
Hardesty DA, Kilbaugh TJ, Storm PB. Cerebral salt wasting syndrome in post-operative pediatric brain tumor patients[J]. Neurocrit Care, 2012, 17(3): 382-387.
|
| [50] |
Brimioulle S, Orellana-Jimenez C, Aminian A, et al. Hyponatremia in neurological patients: cerebral salt wasting versus inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2008, 34(1): 125-131.
|
| [51] |
Doshi SM, Shah P, Lei X, et al. Hyponatremia in hospitalized cancer patients and its impact on clinical outcomes[J]. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 2012, 59(2): 222-228.
|
| [52] |
Nzerue CM, Baffoe-Bonnie H, You W, et al. Predictors of outcome in hospitalized patients with severe hyponatremia[J]. Journal of the National Medical Association, 2003, 95(5): 335-343.
|
| [53] |
Hillier TA, Abbott RD, Barrett EJ. Hyponatremia: evaluating the correction factor for hyperglycemia[J]. American Journal of Medicine, 1999, 106(4): 399-403.
|
| [54] |
Hsu YJ, Chiu JS, Lu KC, et al. Biochemical and etiological characteristics of acute hyponatremia in the emergency department[J]. Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2005, 29(4): 369-374.
|
| [55] |
Sterns RH, Nigwekar SU, Hix JK. The treatment of hyponatremia[J]. Seminars in Nephrology, 2009, 29(3): 282-299.
|
| [56] |
Adrogue HJ, Madias NE. Hyponatremia[J]. N Eng J Med, 2000, 342(21): 1581-1589.
|
| [57] |
Rozen-Zvi B, Yahav D, Gheorghiade M, et al. Vasopressin receptor antagonists for the treatment of hyponatremia: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2010, 56(2): 325-337.
|
| [58] |
Mohmand HK, Issa D, Ahamd Z, et al. Hypertonic saline for hyponatremia: risk of in advertent voercorrectim[J]. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2007, 2(6): 1110-1117.
|
| [59] |
Jaber BL, Almarzouqi L, Borgi L, et al. Shortterm efficacy and safety of vasopressin receptor antagonists for treatment of hyponatremia[J].Am J Med, 2011, 124(10): 971-979.
|
| [60] |
Di Benedetto G, See M. Direct Healthcare Professional Communication on the risk of increases in serum sodium with tolvaptan(Samsca) which are too rapid. 2012. Available: Accessed 08 May 2013.
URL
|
| [61] |
Torres VE, Chapman AB, Devuyst O, et al. Tolvaptan in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease[J].N Engl J Med, 2012, 367(25): 2407-2418.
|